ii
Table ofContents
PageNo
.
1.
Background andObjectives ...........................................................................................1
2.
Garveia franciscana
Biology.........................................................................................1
2.1. Background ...........................................................................................................1
2.2. LifeHistory ...........................................................................................................2
2.3. Tolerances .............................................................................................................3
3.
Limiting Impacts onCoolingPipeFouling ...................................................................5
3.1. ProblemStatement ................................................................................................5
4.
Water Treatment ............................................................................................................5
4.1. Biocides..................................................................................................................6
4.2. PhysicalDisinfection ............................................................................................9
5.
Coatings .......................................................................................................................10
5.1. BiocideCoatings..................................................................................................10
5.2. BiocideFree/Non-ToxicCoatings .......................................................................13
5.3. Summary .............................................................................................................17
6.
MechanicalApproaches...............................................................................................17
6.1. Online ..................................................................................................................17
6.2. Offline..................................................................................................................19
6.3. Debris Filters .......................................................................................................21
6.4. Summary..............................................................................................................22
7.
CombinationApproaches.............................................................................................22
8.
Case Studies ................................................................................................................23
8.1. SurryNuclear Power Plant and
G. franciscana
..................................................23
8.2. Biofouling and itsControl inPower Plant CoolingWater Systems....................25
9.
References ...................................................................................................................28
